[Ubuntu-zh] 开源开发者安排2020年软件路线图

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  wyatt 通过 Google 阅读器发送给您的内容： 开源开发者安排2020年软件路线
图 于 08-12-3 通过 译言-电脑/网络/数码科技 作者：后溪金
原文作者：Peter Sayer
原文链接：Open-source developers set out software road map for 2020
译者：后溪金

A group of open-source software advocates set out a road map for the
software industry through 2020 at the Open World Forum conference in
Paris on Tuesday.

一群开源软件倡导者星期二在巴黎的开放世界论坛会议上为软件行业安排通往
2020年的路线图。

The authors of the report, "2020 FLOSS Roadmap", made a number of
predictions about the role of free, libre and open-source software
(FLOSS) in 2020, and 80 recommendations for the industry. Their use of
the French word "libre" (free as in unfettered) clears up the ambiguity
inherent in the English word "free," which can also mean without cost.

"2020年FLOSS路标"这份报告的作者就2020年自由和开源软件(FLOSS)的作用作出若
干预测，并为业界推荐80项建议。他们使用法语单词"libre"（无拘无束的自
由）来清除英语单词"free"固有的歧义，单词"free"也可以表示免费的意思。

They painted a rosy vision of 2020 in which FLOSS will have entered the
mainstream of the software industry and contributed to reducing the
digital divide between rich and poor. Social networks will rely on
ubiquitous, open cloud-computing services and will allow people to
interact not just with friends, but also with governments and
businesses, they said. CIOs wary of vendor lock-in will champion the
use of FLOSS, and such software will be at the heart of green data
centers and other business models with low ecological impacts, they
said.

他们把2020年的景象描绘成玫瑰色的，在这个美好乐观的远景中，FLOSS将加入到
软件行业的主流，并且有助于缩小贫富之间的数字鸿沟。社会网络将依赖于无处不
在的开放云计算服务，将让人们不仅与朋友，而且与政府和企业进行交流，他们
说。担心供应商锁定的CIO将拥护使用FLOSS，这种软件将成为绿色数据中心和其它
具有低生态影响的商业模式的核心，他们说。

Reaching this computing nirvana, however, will require action -- and
not just by bearded geeks. Investors, legislators, educators, electors
and even consumers also have a role to play, according to the report's
authors.

然而，要达到这一无忧无虑的计算境界，就需要采取行动——而不是只靠满脸胡须的
geek。根据报告的作者所说，投资者、立法者、教育工作者、选民、甚至消费者也
可以发挥作用。

Governments must favor open standards and open services, they said.
This is not just a matter of ideology, but also of necessity if data is
to be exchanged between different services and systems.

他们说，政府必须扶持开放标准和开放服务。这不仅是一个思想意识的问题，而且
是不可避免的，如果数据是在各式各样的服务和系统之间进行交换的话。

This requires a stable and neutral legal context in which a clear
definition of open standards and services can be made and imposed, they
said. Clear legal frameworks could also help avoid the proliferation of
software licenses, they said.

这就需要一个稳定和中立的法律框架，人们可以在这一框架内明确定义开放标准和
服务并加以实施，他们说。明确的法律框架还可能有助于避免软件许可证的扩
散，他们说。

Investors, whether state or private, should fund research leading to
the development of strategic FLOSS technologies, and governments and
businesses should set up academic and professional training programs to
educate a new generation of software developers about FLOSS.

无论是国有的还是私营的投资者，都应当为研究提供资金，引导发展有战略意义的
FLOSS技术，政府和企业还应该安排学术和专业培训计划，教育从事FLOSS的新一代
软件开发人员。

There are some risks ahead, said the authors, including experts from
Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Spain and the U.S., although
the majority of them are French.

前方还有一些风险，作者说，报告的作者包括来自比利时、巴西、加拿大、德国、
印度、西班牙和美国的专家，但其中大多数是法国人。

Among those risks, the use of cloud-computing capacity on the scale
required by some government systems will result in an over-reliance on
a small group of powerful suppliers. That could signal a return to the
era of monopolies in some markets, with the risk that entire countries
could be held ransom by their service providers, the authors warned. In
addition, organizations unable to pay the price for these elite
services could be left running on unreliable, or unsecure, second-class
systems.

在这些风险中，在一些政府系统所需的规模上利用云计算能力将导致过度依赖一小
批强大的供应商。作者警告，那可能预示着部分市场返回到垄断时代，整个国家可
能有被其服务提供商劫持而勒取赎金的风险。另外，无法支付这些优质服务价格的
机构可能继续留在不可靠的、或者不安全的二等系统。

Cloud computing and Web services pose other risks, too, said the
authors, among them employees of networking vendor Alcatel-Lucent,
cloud-computing user (and supplier) Google, and server and software
vendor Sun Microsystems.

云计算和Web服务也带来其他风险，作者称，作者中有网络供应商阿尔卡特-朗讯、
云计算用户（和供应商）Google、服务器和软件供应商Sun微系统公司的雇员。

By hiding away the software and presenting only the interface, they
will limit our ability to see the source code for the applications we
run. That could make some FLOSS licenses irrelevant, or their
enforcement meaningless. It could also stifle innovation, if the
individual programmers who code open-source applications today are
reduced to mashing up future Web services through limited APIs
(application programming interfaces), said the report's authors.

把软件隐藏起来，然后只提交接口，将会限制我们查看我们运行的应用程序的源代
码的能力。这可能使一些FLOSS许可证变得不相干即实施毫无意义。如果编写开源
应用程序代码的个别程序员现在通过有限的API（应用编程接口）简化程序，混搭
未来的Web服务，那么，这也可能抑制创新，报告的作者说。



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