Best Twitter client for Ubuntu 15.10
Ralf Mardorf
silver.bullet at zoho.com
Tue Feb 28 18:18:37 UTC 2017
On Tue, 28 Feb 2017 19:13:16 +0100, Ralf Mardorf wrote:
>On Tue, 28 Feb 2017 16:32:54 +0000, David Fletcher wrote:
>>On Tue, 2017-02-28 at 07:49 -0500, Donald Parsons wrote:
>>> Colin,
>>> The last time I did the upgrade I lost all of my gmail
>>> correspondence and
>>> users.
>>>
>>
>>I've said it before. No doubt others have said it before. No doubt I
>>will say it again:-
>>Hard drives are incredibly cheap, so never, ever run the risk of
>>trashing a working installation even if it is out of date. Back up all
>>of the files you think you might need to an external flash drive, USB
>>thumb drive(s), SD card(s), whatever you like. Download the latedt
>>version of your new operating system and burn to DVD or whatever your
>>system needs. Put in a new hard drive and install your new OS. Run the
>>updates, reinstate your users, recover your files from the backups you
>>just made. Everybody is happy.
>>When you get that "Oh, SHIT moment, just swap the old hard drive back
>>in, recover the file(s) you missed, go back to the new hard drive.
>>That's why you don't trash the old OS until you're absolutely certain
>>you've recovered everything you need from it.
>>Works for me :)
>
>DVDs aren't secure backup medias. CDRAM in theory are good, but they
>sometimes don't work, at least they provide not enough space and they
>are much to expensive. Much likely they are hard to get. An external
>USB HDD or just a case with an USB to SATA controller + an SATA drive
>are cheap. The only drawback are that the all-in-one USB drives as well
>as most cases with a controller, ship with a standby mode. Some provide
>firmware to disable the standby mode others don't. The issue with Linux
>is software that wakes up drives that go to sleep by the standby mode.
>GVFS does, smartd does and several other software does, too. Either
>remove this software, or take care that the HDDs don't spin down and up
>every 20 to 30 minutes. The best bet anyway is to disconnect an
>external backup drive after the backup is done. From a live media you
>e.g. could "sudo tar --xattrs -czf" or "sudo cp -ai" all directories.
>I do regular backups to external drives this way and avoid using rsync
>or other methods, but this is just a matter of taste. Some might
>recommend to exclude a few directories, but there's no need to do this,
>since they are anyway more ore less empty after a shutdown. The next
>command after the backup is done shut be "echo $?". If the output
>should be "0" you could ignore all warnings, e.g. "removed leading /"
>or "socket" related warnings. Just if the output of "echo $?"
>shouldn't be "0" something is fishy. In addition you e.g. could run
>"sudo diff -r --no-dereference" after a "sudo cp -ai" and open the
>"tar.gz" archives by a simple click with your favored file manager, to
>check if the backups are ok.
>
>0,02 €,
>Ralf
Oops, a few typos, but more important, I forget to mention globbing.
Send us the output of
"ls -hAl"
so we could help you to use commands such as "cp" and "tar" without
running into globbing issues.
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