ubuntu-users Digest, Vol 125, Issue 8

[israel molefe]

Hi.can you please help with the settings for ubuntu 13.3.it needs de
initramfs.
Regards
 On 02 Jan 2015 9:08 PM, <ubuntu-users-request at lists.ubuntu.com> wrote:

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> Today's Topics:
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>    1. Re: FLOSS PC Repair Shop (Jason Sauders)
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Message: 1
> Date: Fri, 2 Jan 2015 14:08:05 -0500
> From: Jason Sauders <jasauders at gmail.com>
> To: "Ubuntu user technical support, not for general discussions"
>         <ubuntu-users at lists.ubuntu.com>
> Subject: Re: FLOSS PC Repair Shop
> Message-ID:
>         <
> CAFu1Lau5psXE5TL4mXf-_qEkxFXq4LU3d-a1GyorQtD6wWqS5A at mail.gmail.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
>
> This link here is how I discovered gddrescue. As I read through the
> differences I just decided to side with gddrescue (which uses the ddrescue
> command) as opposed to ddrescue (which uses the dd_rescue command). It
> seemed as if gddrescue uses a more advanced algorithm which is more of a
> match when attempting to recover installs on problematic drives.
>
> http://www.kossboss.com/linux---dd_rescue-vs-ddrescue
>
> In short (if my understanding is right)
>
> Package Name = gddrescue
> Command = ddrescue
>
> Package Name = ddrescue
> Command = dd_rescue
>
>
> Confusing, I know. In my notes I keep a command I frequently use. I'm
> pasting it exactly as I have it typed in my "Linux Notes" text file...
> (keeping notes for things like this is an awesome idea. Previously I stored
> notes in evernote, then later txt files on Dropbox, and now simply txt
> files on my ownCloud server that syncs to all of my devices. Very handy)
>
> gddrescue
> > (enable universe repos, update, and install gddrescue)
> > ddrescue -r3 /dev/sda /dev/sdb /root/logfile
> > (often seems to need --force to run, i.e.:)
> > ddrescue -r3 --force /dev/sda /dev/sdb /root/logfile
> > ***the above is assuming bad disk is sda, and the new disk is sdb***
> >
>
> Extra emphasis on the sda vs sdb thing. I personally put the *new* drive in
> the system and with a USB/SATA/IDE adapter, plug in the old drive. I also
> wait until the system boots up to the Live USB session before plugging in
> the problematic drive over USB. That way I can verify the serial number on
> the brand new drive (which is likely 'sda') and know which drive is my
> destination with *nothing* else plugged in to the system to cause any sort
> of confusion, then I plug in the problematic drive over USB and structure
> my command accordingly. While my notes have sda and sdb in that order, due
> to what I just said above (putting good drive in, booting up, then after
> plugging in problematic drive over a USB adapter), the command is typically
> sdb first, sda second instead. In short, just make sure you know which
> drive is which. Super sure. Positively sure. :)
>
> It's also worth noting that while I have had great success with gddrescue,
> it's still always a gamble. I'm not going to put a half-recovered install
> on somebody's system. If I can recover the install with minimal errors,
> I'll do it, but if gddrescue is flagging tons of read errors left right and
> center and booting up shows some weirdness, then I'll rebuild it from
> ground up. Given that I copy over as much data as I can from a live USB
> session to a file server first and foremost (even before attempting
> gddrescue), I can at least model a new install and import their previous
> data. I don't like copying data afterwards, as the stress from running
> gddrescue might eliminate any chances to recover the data that I may have
> had if I had backed up the data from the very beginning. Don't mess with
> problematic drives. Go in order and make slow, calculated decisions, with
> data recovery being the number one priority. If a full install recovery is
> possible *afterwards*, that's simply a really excellent bonus. ;) It's also
> worth noting that a drive recovery isn't a quick process. I did one with a
> 500 GB HDD last week. It took about 26 hours. The nice thing is, it works
> while I'm at work, asleep, playing with my daughter, etc., but just be
> aware it's not a "hey come back in an hour and I'll have it done" type of
> scenario. Make sure your clients are aware of that. ;)
>
> As far as a post install script, I just have a massive apt-get install
> command that I use. Each time I find an application I like, I add it to the
> command. That way if I spin up a new install I just run that apt-get
> command and in one shot ~30 applications get auto downloaded/installed.
> It's a simple command. Something like...
>
> sudo apt-get install audacity blender cheese clementine inkscape gimp vlc
> kazam openshot  (etc etc etc...)
>
> I keep one command for *my* installs and one command for the installs I set
> up for your average user. Things like handbrake and whatnot are nice, but I
> hesitate when it comes to installing "too much" on a system that might
> further confuse them. Only thing I do after that is grab the .deb packages
> for a few select applications that aren't in the repos, which are basically
> TeamViewer, Skype, Dropbox, and Chrome.
>
> My very honest and rather firm recommendation is to take a test system, or
> two test systems, and see if you can break/fix them with the above ideas.
> I'm not talking virtual machines, but physical hardware. Find two drives of
> similar size. Do a full install on one. Create a bunch of documents, text
> files, and other random bits of info. Format the 2nd drive entirely. Then,
> do gddrescue to see if you can recover the install on the 1st drive to the
> newly formatted 2nd drive. Likewise, in a similar test environment, delete
> a bunch of that random nonsense data you created. Empty your recycle bin or
> shift/delete the items. Write down what files you created and where they
> resided. Then, fire up testdisk and photorec. See what you can recover.
>
> That's exactly what I did. Nothing sucks more than having a prime system
> ready to be opened up only to realize your confidence level in these
> utilities is not as high as you'd like when working on *somebody else's*
> computer that contains *somebody else's* data that's important to them.
>
> Hope this helps. Have a great day!
> -J
>
> On Fri, Jan 2, 2015 at 12:53 PM, Amichai Rotman <amichai at iglu.org.il>
> wrote:
>
> > Thanks Jason - for your comprehensive reply!
> >
> > I'd appreciate some more specific scrips and/or CLI examples for
> gddrescue
> > and post-install bash scripts that make the necessary changes to the
> > vanilla stock Ubuntu installation.
> >
> > Thanks!
> >
> > Amichai.
> >
> > On Thu, Jan 1, 2015 at 6:51 AM, Jason Sauders <jasauders at gmail.com>
> wrote:
> >
> >> This is a great idea, but I would advise that a few things are kept in
> >> mind. Windows users will still likely be the majority of a potential
> >> customer base. That said, it doesn't detract from the roots and the real
> >> point of a FLOSS related computer shop. After all, part of the point of
> >> open source is to be open minded. Alternatives exist, and embracing that
> >> open minded stance on accepting customers of all walks will only help
> you
> >> from a reputation standpoint. I do tech work on the side, and on my web
> >> site clear as day I have a dedicated page for Windows, Apple, and Linux.
> >>
> >> Another thing I do is I have a PDF I wrote up in LibreOffice Writer. It
> >> has a list of the common programs installed on the computer with a short
> >> 2-3 line description of each. That way people can use it as a quick
> >> reference file to see what the Ubuntu equivalent for say "Windows Movie
> >> Maker" is. I put this PDF in /etc/skel in the Desktop folder, so that
> way
> >> new user accounts that get created also get the same file on their
> Desktop.
> >> Of course, they can delete it if they wish, but I figured this was a
> nice
> >> touch as it helps bridge the gap of what the heck Brasero is, or
> >> Clementine, etc.
> >>
> >> As far as tools and utilities, there are some I highly recommend.
> >> TestDisk and PhotoRec are obvious ones. Sometimes people are careless
> about
> >> their data, or perhaps they had an accidental whatever-it-was that
> caused a
> >> major partition/file loss issue. Of course, I say up front there are
> >> *absolutely* zero guarantees with any sort of data recovery work, but
> I'll
> >> always try as much as I can for the customer. Recently I worked with a
> >> former co-worker to get some pictures recovered. They thought they were
> >> missing about 100 photos, but I found nearly 3,500 that they were
> missing.
> >> That was quite an emotional happy-moment for her. ;)
> >>
> >> Gddrescue is a life saver as well. When a system boots up slow, before I
> >> even bother troubleshooting it, I boot to an Ubuntu Live USB/CD and
> check
> >> the drive with the Disks utility first. At a somewhat alarming rate,
> often
> >> times the hard drives are failing, hence the slowness of the OS. I'll
> >> purchase (after discussing options with the owner, of course) a drive of
> >> matching/larger size, and do a gddrescue of the drive. Gddrescue works
> by
> >> retrying bad sectors any number of times you specify (i.e. the -r3 flag
> >> will try 3 times, if all 3 reads fail, it writes a 0 and moves on) in an
> >> attempt to rescue the drive. Again, no guarantees, as sometimes the
> drive
> >> is too far gone to recover, but sometimes this is the golden ticket.
> Make
> >> sure you have data backed up before attempting this (I just copy the
> data
> >> while in the live session if at all possible) and you quadruple check
> (via
> >> serial numbers, etc) what is sda, sdb, etc. Gddrescue is in the universe
> >> repo.
> >>
> >> Clonezilla is pretty self explanatory as well. Sometimes it's necessary
> >> to clone a system, whether they want to migrate their system to a larger
> >> hard drive or whatever the case may be. GParted is likely to get lumped
> in
> >> here as well if you need to do any partition based work. But of course,
> >> ensure data is backed up before-hand. You never know when something is
> >> going to throw a fit, especially when working with the heart of where
> the
> >> data lies; the storage drive.
> >>
> >> I'd also familiarize yourself with different products out there as much
> >> as possible. Recently I added home backup/file servers to my list of
> >> services. While dozens exist, it's kind of hard to deny that Synology
> is a
> >> very attractive option. Likewise, I also have OpenMediaVault in my
> arsenal
> >> of recommendations. OMV is rather FreeNAS-ish, but Debian based with an
> >> exceptional web based UI and it works wonderfully on older hardware.
> That
> >> way I can offer a pre-boxed solution or more of a DIY (but I'd happily
> set
> >> it up for them) solution, provided they either agree to a custom build
> that
> >> I can spec for them or have an available tower to utilize. I frequently
> >> spec out systems on NewEgg so I have an idea offhand of what a custom
> built
> >> NAS would run them if they were interested.
> >>
> >> It's understandable for people to be a bit hesitant about having a
> >> totally new operating system (to them) installed on their computer. As
> >> Scott mentioned, being able to provide them with resources to getting
> help,
> >> such as the forums, is key. That way people don't feel alone when it
> comes
> >> to dealing with issues. The last thing anybody in their right mind would
> >> like is an operating system on their computer where, in their world,
> only
> >> one person can help; you. Of course, we all know that's not true as
> >> multitudes of resources exist online for assistance, but they don't know
> >> that. This is new to them. I think it's important to not push
> alternative
> >> resources in a way that makes them feel like once you're done with the
> job,
> >> all ties between you+customer are cut. I more-so push online resources
> as
> >> an aide since I don't want people to get the wrong impression that I
> just
> >> want their business one time and won't care about them whatsoever into
> the
> >> future, but at the same token, deep down, I also don't want a flooded
> inbox
> >> first thing Saturday morning either. ;)
> >>
> >> Making a decision about what specific distribution/desktop environment
> >> you want to utilize is also key. I quite like using stock Ubuntu, but
> let's
> >> face it, Unity is not the lightest kid on the block. Sometimes people
> are
> >> wondering how they can re-utilize their old XP box. If they don't want
> >> their main system touched, but are curious about Linux for their old
> system
> >> to check out, what will you use? Me personally, I use Ubuntu and Xubuntu
> >> nearly exclusively (though Ubuntu MATE certainly has my interest, but
> I'm
> >> hanging on to Xubuntu for those lighter tasks for the time being). Of
> >> course, some people may prefer the idea/looks/feel of Mint, elementary
> OS,
> >> or insert-30-other-distros-here, and if that's the case go with what
> they
> >> prefer. I would be careful about going too deep into the distro
> exploration
> >> world of things though as it can very easily seem overwhelming to a new
> >> user. Keep it simple until *they* specify otherwise. After all, you're
> >> going to be a FLOSS shop, right? It's not just a Windows world out
> there,
> >> and likewise, it's not just an Ubuntu world out there either. ;)
> >>
> >> Hope this helps!
> >> -J
> >>
> >> On Wed, Dec 31, 2014 at 3:01 PM, Amichai Rotman <amichai at iglu.org.il>
> >> wrote:
> >>
> >>> Hi All,
> >>>
> >>> I am about to open my own PC Repair Shop in my neighborhood and I'd
> like
> >>> to use FLOSS as much as possible.
> >>>
> >>> I will repair PCs and Laptops and I intend to promote FLOSS to my
> >>> customers (GNU/Linux in general and Ubuntu in particular).
> >>>
> >>> I would like to hear your thoughts / ideas / advice etc.:
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>    - Tools to use
> >>>    - What to install on the server
> >>>    - Which programs and apps to promote to new Linux user for faster
> >>>    adaptation
> >>>    - Resources I could use: Wikis, Knowledge Bases etc.
> >>>    - Where to get Posters, stickers, stuffed Tuxes and the like to put
> >>>    on display and sell
> >>>
> >>> You get the idea....
> >>>
> >>> Thanks!
> >>>
> >>> Amichai.
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> --
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> >>
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