Searching for packages...
Yannick Le Saint (kyncani)
y.lesaint at gmail.com
Thu May 12 20:57:14 UTC 2005
On Thu, 2005-05-12 at 11:43 -0700, Justin Mason wrote:
> Yannick Le Saint (kyncani) writes:
> > On Thu, 2005-05-12 at 13:12 +1200, Christoph Georgi wrote:
> > > Yannick Le Saint (kyncani) wrote:
> > > | Might be complete enough. Am i missing something, anyone ?
> > >
> > > dselect and aptitude for command line package management ?!
> >
> > Yeah, never liked those, really fond of apt-get + debfoster :)
> >
> > This is it then :
> >
> > ****************************************
> > *** Debian package management guide ***
> > [...]
>
> Yannick -- is this on the web anywhere? It's an excellent guide -- I've
> been using debian for a few years, and other linux distros for ages before
> that, and quite a bit of this was new to me. Thanks!
>
> in my opinion, it'd be a great candidate for a page on the wiki...
I am trying to make a wiki out of it :)
This is my current version, using MoinMoin format (ubuntu wiki
format), it might be kind of lengthy for a mailing list, but given the
number of messages per day, i think subscribers can handle the extra
load.
{{{
PackageManagementHowto
}}}
= PackageManagementHowto =
== 1- Introduction ==
* Many different tools/files are used in Ubuntu for package
management, each one having a different purpose. This howto will help
you putting it all together.
* The tools will be listed in order of importance, with each one of
them :
* A small description.
* Examples of common use.
* Related tools, when applicable.
* Some links.
* Keep in mind that there are a lot of tools __because__ there is a
lot of different needs.
== 2- Contents ==
* 1- Introduction
* 2- Contents
* The tools and files presented in this howto :
* 3- /etc/apt/sources.list
* 4- apt-get
* 5- dpkg
* 6- synaptic, kynaptic
* 7- apt-cache
* 8- debfoster
* 9- dpkg-reconfigure
* 10- apt-file
* 11- dlocate
* 12- dpkg-divert
* 13- /etc/apt/preferences
* 14- gkdebconf
* 15- debmirror
* 16- apt-build
* 17- equivs
* 18- vrms
* 19- auto-apt
* 20- aptitude
* 21- dselect
* 22- deborphan
== 3- /etc/apt/sources.list ==
* Package repositories are defined here.
* Packages will be automagically pulled from them on install/upgrade.
* __Example__, enabling almost everything available for hoary :
--------
{{{
## Hoary
## Security
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted
universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-security main restricted
universe multiverse
## Major bug fixes
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted
universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary-updates main restricted
universe multiverse
##Main archive
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted universe
multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu hoary main restricted universe
multiverse
}}}
--------
* __Related items :__
* apt-get
* synaptic, kynaptic
* /etc/apt/preferences
== 4- apt-get ==
* High-level package management.
* Apt-get can install/upgrade/remove packages. It can also upgrade the
entire system.
* Apt-get will use /etc/apt/sources.list to get new packages/updates
automagically.
* __Examples :__
* apt-get update
Update package informations using online repositories.
This will make apt know about updates that have happened since
last time
you have "apt-get update".
* apt-get install ssh
Install the ssh package, automagically handling ssh dependencies.
* apt-get dist-upgrade
Upgrade the entire system.
* __Related tools :__
* synaptic, kynaptic
* __Links :__
* http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/AptGetHowTo
== 5- dpkg ==
* Low-level package management.
* Dpkg will __not__ use /etc/apt/sources to retrieve packages, this is
the job of apt.
* __Examples :__
* dpkg -l ssh
* Show the state of package ssh (installed or not, ...)
* dpkg -L ssh
* List files provided by package ssh, which must be installed.
* dpkg -i ./openssh-server_1%3a3.9p1-1ubuntu2_i386.deb
* Install a .deb package file.
== 6- synaptic, kynaptic ==
* Graphical package managers.
* These will provide the same funcionnalities than apt-get with a
user-friendly graphical interface.
* Synaptic is gnome-centric, kynaptic is kde-centric.
* __Related tools :__
* apt-get
* apt-cache
* __Links :__
* http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/SynapticHowto
== 7- apt-cache ==
* Search/show various informations about packages, like :
* Description of the package.
* Version available.
* The packages do '''not''' have to be already installed for apt-cache
to work.
* __Examples :__
* apt-cache search -i http proxy
* Look for a http proxy.
* apt-cache search -i webmin
* Look for webmin-related packages
* apt-cache show ssh
* Show many informations about ssh (description, version, ...)
* __Related tools :__
* synaptic, kynaptic
== 8- debfoster ==
* Handle orphaned packages
* Keep a system clean of old libraries
* Remove a package along with all the dependencies it pulled in.
* __Examples :__
* debfoster
* Remove existing orphaned packages, usually old libraries.
* debfoster gnome-
* Remove gnome, along with all its dependencies.
* __Related tools :__
* deborphan
* __Links :__
* http://www.fruit.eu.org/debfoster/
== 9- dpkg-reconfigure ==
* Reconfigure a package.
* __Example :__
* dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg
* Reconfigure xorg.
* __Related tools :__
* gkdebconf
== 10- apt-file ==
* Find out which package can provide some file.
* The package do '''not''' have to be already installed for apt-file
to work.
* __Examples :__
* apt-file search -i bin/scp
* Look for a package that would provide bin/scp on install.
* apt-file list psh
* Show what files psh would provide if installed.
* __Related tools :__
* dlocate
== 11- dlocate ==
* Find out which package is providing some file.
* Can only handle already installed packages.
* __Example :__
* dlocate `which scp`
* Find out which package is providing scp.
* __Related tools :__
* apt-file
== 12- dpkg-divert ==
* Move/rename a package provided file.
* __This can be used to :__
* provide a local implementation of a specific file, making sure it
won't be overwritten by Ubuntu package management
* move a file to some place else.
* __Examples :__
* dpkg-divert --add --local
--divert /etc/monit/.monitrc.local-divert --rename /etc/monit/monitrc
* Renames /etc/monit/monitrc, so that your version won't get
overwritten.
* dpkg-divert --add --local --divert /etc/cron.weekly/vrms
--rename /etc/cron.monthly/vrms
Move /etc/cron.monthly/vrms so that it get executed on a weekly
basis.
== 13- /etc/apt/preferences ==
* Set different priorities/policies to your repositories.
* Also known as apt-pinning
* __Related item :__
* /etc/apt/sources.list
* __Links :__
* http://www.ubuntulinux.org/wiki/PinningHowto
== 14- gkdebconf ==
* Some graphical front-end that will show you which packages can be
reconfigured, and reconfigure them.
* __Related tools :__
* dpkg-reconfigure
== 15- debmirror ==
* Create a local mirror of online repositories.
* __Links :__
* http://www.interparse.com/debianmirror/
== 16- apt-build ==
* Download, compile and install a package.
* __Related tools :__
* apt-get
== 17- equivs ==
* Make ubuntu package management think you already have a package.
== 18- vrms ==
* Check your software licenses.
== 19- auto-apt ==
* Automatically install packages on missing file access.
* __Related tools :__
* apt-file
== 20- aptitude ==
* Apt frontend.
* __Related tools :__
* apt-get
* synaptic, kynaptic
== 21- dselect ==
* Dpkg frontend
* __Related tools :__
* dpkg
== 22- deborphan ==
* Find orphaned packages
* __Related tools :__
* debfoster
--
Yannick Le Saint (kyncani) <y.lesaint at gmail.com>
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