<html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=windows-1252" http-equiv="Content-Type"> </head> <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"> Thank you, Nio and Liiam, for your clear and prompt, if discouraging, replies. But it's what was expected so I won't complain. It seems that the fault must lie in a lack of imagination somewhere: <blockquote>I gather that if the "USB adapter" entity were moved into the laptop case / onboard the extended mainboard, it would be perfectly capable of driving the card-slot in such a way that the SDHC card would function as normal, no-one the wiser, but through the USB adapter thus through the USB subsystem. Thus possibly reducing the number of independent subsystems required for the operation of the entire computer; while adding the rather desirable functionality that I am seeking at the negligible cost of providing one more option on the BIOS boot devices menu. </blockquote> Nothing to lose, something to gain maybe? I'm intrigued by Nio's experiments and I'd be fascinated to hear from the low-level designers... I'm not looking for more USB slots, but for fewer sticking-out or cabley things. Point taken regarding swap space, but how often does a reasonably normal spec and use profile entails using the swap space that the installation urges one to create. Yes, it can be useful, even essential, on very rare occasions - but not often enough to raise the spectre of memory-cell exhaustion through overuse. Any takers? Basil <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 06/05/2016 09:39 AM, Nio Wiklund wrote: </div> <blockquote cite="mid:5753D733.3010608@gmail.com" type="cite">Den 2016-06-05 kl. 07:16, skrev Basil Fernie: <blockquote type="cite">As always, I am asking for something so simple, so obvious, that it cannot be possible... or can it? I want to install Lubuntu 16.04 to the SDHC card in a laptop and make it bootable, so that I can run and work with the laptop without an internal or external hard drive. Background: Someone gave me a Samsung V511 or similar, with quite a nice spec but a very dead HDU and battery pack. Rather than spend money restoring it, she bought a new laptop. Obviously I ran a few versions of Linux through it, booting from USB sticks. Would be rather nice on my desk, I thought, leaving my Lenovo to be truly portable. But how about booting from an SDHC card as a semi-permanent installation? Fast, quiet, power-mingy, enough space on a 16 or 32GB card for core apps and quite a lot of working data for various projects which could of course be archived onto the external terabyte-class USD 3.0 drive. No searching for ports and pushing/pulling things in and out... Poor man's SSD-plus-personal cloud, anyone? Lubuntu 16.04 LTS beckoned with its "Startup Disk Creator" option under System Tools. The whole process ran beautifully, with the 16GB SDHC Level10 being recognised as a legitimate target for the installation from ISO, and the installation concluded without demur or any error messages noted. However booting failed with an "Operating system not found" message. The Samsung's boot options menu offers half a dozen USB devices, none of which does the trick. Before i throw any more time at this idea, can someone tell me if it is inherently impossible because an SDHC cannot be Grubbed or whatever, or is it just an outdated unimaginative BIOS chip on the Samsung which could be flashed into the 21st century, 2nd decade? Thanks as always, Basil Fernie </blockquote> Hi Basil, I can boot from SD and SD micro cards, but 'not everywhere'. Some card adapters work, some work for read/write but do not work for booting. I would say many USB adapters work: I can boot from cards in small adapters as well as boxes for several card models (not only SD). I tried now (just in order to reply) in the built-in slots in two laptops, and they did *not* boot from an SD card that boots via USB adapters. I know, that some computers boot from cards in built-in slots. If you have too few USB ports on the computer, I can tell you that it works to boot an SD card via a USB adapter via a USB hub. I just did it :-) So it depends what is behind/inside the slot/adapter and how it is connected to the motherboard. -o- SD cards will wear out if you run an installed operating system from it because of repeated write operations on the same memory cells. So if you manage to boot from it, you should tweak it to avoid some of the wear. Add the mount option noatime in /etc/fstab. Do not locate any swap partition on the SD card. Turn off journaling. See this link, <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS#Final_system_tweaks">https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/UEFI-and-BIOS#Final_system_tweaks</a> An alternative is to use a persistent live system, and if there is enough RAM use the boot option toram. A persistent live system does not write as frequently to the drive as an installed system. Best regards Nio </blockquote> </body> </html>