<html> <head> <style> .hmmessage P { margin:0px; padding:0px } body.hmmessage { font-size: 10pt; font-family:Verdana } </style> </head> <body class='hmmessage'> Constantinos Maltezos kirjutas, That seems alot of mucking around just to fix a problem with my brother printer, as Japan solution center mainly operate on windows, I dont think theyt understand about re-install, so there must be a better way????????? to fix the printer to work??????? ray > Date: Tue, 6 Jan 2009 09:37:51 +0200 > From: ed.lau@mail.ee > To: kubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com > Subject: Re: > > Constantinos Maltezos kirjutas: > > On Monday 05 January 2009 11:08:48 pm Ray Burke wrote: > >> Have been advised by the japan solution center that I must re-install > >> Kubuntu to overcome problem, but dont want to loose any data, and we have > >> gone thru all that is shown in this link many times before????? > > > > What in the world reinstalling your operating system will do to make your > > printer work is beyond me - this isn't Windows. If you do it, don't be > > surprised if you feel you've wasted your time. I could be wrong, of course. > > > > Here's the problem, if there is a real thing that reinstalling Kubuntu would > > do for you, it most likely needs a full, fresh install. This means that if > > you want to keep your data, you'll have to back it up. This might be as easy > > as getting a small thumb drive and copying your documents directory to it (if > > you have no large collection of videos or music files) and might go as far as > > to require creating a backup partition (if you have disk space) to move your > > stuff to while you reinstall. > > If you don't have enough wide e-mail reading window or program - copy the following text into some > text editor, e.g. Kate or gEdit (whatever you use) and the you'll see following tables correctly. > > I suggest to create following partitions: > > mount point filesystem device > *********** ********** ****** > 1) swap swap /dev/sda1 - primary > 2) /boot ext3 /dev/sda2 - primary > 3) /tmp ext3 /dev/sda3 - primary > /dev/sda4 - extended partition > 4) /var ext3 /dev/sda5 - logical > 5) / ext3 /dev/sda6 - logical > 6) /home ext3 /dev/sda7 - logical > 7) /data ext3 /dev/sda8 - logical > > Swap and /boot should be in the beginning of HDD to boot and swap fast. Also /tmp and /var have > fastly changing data and are therefore before other partitions. > > If you have also dual boot with Windows, then: > > mount point in Windows filesystem device > *********** ********** ********** ****** > 1) /mnt/ntfs-system C: NTFS /dev/sda1 - Windows system > 2) /mnt/ntfs-data D: NTFS /dev/sda2 - data > 3) /mnt/ntfs-swap E: NTFS /dev/sda3 - Windows swap (pagefile.sys) > /dev/sda4 - extended partition > 4) swap swap /dev/sda5 - logical > 5) /boot ext3 /dev/sda6 - logical > 6) /tmp ext3 /dev/sda7 - logical > 7) /var ext3 /dev/sda8 - logical > 8) / ext3 /dev/sda9 - logical > 9) /home ext3 /dev/sda10 - logical > 10) /data ext3 /dev/sda11 - logical > > If you created the user in Linux, e.g. named it "john", then also group will be the same as > username. Then write: > sudo chown -R john:john /data > ... and press enter > > After entering the user john's password, the folder belongs to user john. > > Then create symlink: > ln -s /data /home/john/data > > Then you see the folder "data" in user home directory, which is actually symlink. Save all your > important data there. > > Another option is to create e.g. the folder /data/homes and user folder inside it: > sudo mkdir /data/homes /data/homes/john > sudo chown -R john:john /data > > Then move all your data folders into it and create symlinks to user's home: > mv /home/john/Desktop /data/homes/john/Desktop && ln -s /data/homes/john/Desktop /home/john/Desktop > mv /home/john/Public /data/homes/john/Public && ln -s /data/homes/john/Public /home/john/Public > mv /home/john/Documents /data/homes/john/Documents && ln -s /data/homes/john/Documents > /home/john/Documents > mv /home/john/Music /data/homes/john/Music && ln -s /data/homes/john/Music /home/john/Music > mv /home/john/Pictures /data/homes/john/Pictures && ln -s /data/homes/john/Pictures /home/john/Pictures > mv /home/john/Videos /data/homes/john/Videos && ln -s /data/homes/john/Videos /home/john/Videos > > If you have any other folders, what data you would like to keep - move and create symlinks to them. > > swap could be usualy 2xRAM but if you already have e.g. 2GB RAM, then there is not necessary to > create 4GB swap partition - it's enough if there is 1GB. Normally swap is not used and if it's > heavily used then there is better to add RAM instead of increasing swap partition. RAM is ~20 times > faster than HDD and your computer isn't slow if you have enough RAM. > > /boot could be have 100MB but now are big HDD-s and I give 1GB for /boot to be sure there are enough > room for kernel upgrades. > > /tmp is for temporary files and could be also 1GB if there is not very big HDD but if possible, I > give 3GB or even 5GB > > /var should be 3GB...5GB but if you use also e.g. web server etc. what keep their data in /var - you > could create it larger, e.g. 10GB...15GB. But also you can link e.g. /var/www to /data/www and then > you don't need to have too large /var. You can also use Apache aliases to mount any folder into > Apache tree - http://www.google.com/search?q=apache+alias - look the right manual according your > Apache's version. > > / is the root and there goes system - there should be at least 5GB, I give 10..15GB usually - > depends, how big the whole HDD is. If there is 500GB HDD, the / could be also 20...30GB. Then you > can install software and don't need to worry - does there enough space. I also try to promote Linux > as playing environment and games taking usually some gigabytes. Also CAD/CAM, graphics software etc. > > /home should be at least 5GB but I give usually 10GB if possible > > /data should have the rest of HDD's space and therefore the biggest partition. I mean, if you have > e.g. 500GB HDD, then it could be more than 400GB large. Certainly, if you have another operating > system laying on HDD e.g. Windows, then this space could be also smaller but anyway - you have to > decide, how much you use each operating system and what purposes and then decide, where to leave > more space. > > I e.g. use a lot of virtual machines for testing, teaching, developing, publishing, tech support etc > purposes, therefore I need at least 2GB, better 4GB RAM and at least 320GB, better 500G HDD. If you > have also e.g. TV-card and you'll save TV-shows onto HDD - then that /data partition have to be > enough large to handle all that data. > > > > Then if you save anything into those symlinked folders - they are going straight to that /data > partition and you don't need to worry about reinstalling whole operating system cleanly or > overinstalling. If you have any other configuration file or folder - just create the folder > /data/backup and create symlink to your home directory or where you want if you want. > > Certainly - if you are the only one user in that PC - you can just move those folders directly to > the /data, I mean e.g. /data/Documents etc. If you need later to create additional user(s), then you > can just leave them to the /home partition of if they have any backupable data, then just create > e.g. /data/backup/mary and create symlink to Mary's home folder: > sudo ln -s /data/backup/mary /home/mary/backup and say, that everything what is important to save > there. Or just create /data/backup/mary/documents, delete the old one if it's empty (I assume you > just created the user mary and this folder should be empty) sudo rm -fr /home/mary/Documents) and > symlink: > sudo ln -s /data/backup/mary/documents /home/mary/Documents > > As you see - there can be many policies, how to organize your and other users data folders to keep > them backuped onto another partition - each person has to choose what is best for hime/her. > > Then if you do fresh or reinstall - just don't touch that /data partition and certainly you have to > remember, what device it was and also exact size of partition if device names will somehow change to > identify later that data partition in somewhere installation process if needed. > > Certainly, you have to define right mount points during install but not to format them! Just like > the NTFS partitions of Windows (if you have) - just mount points but not to format. > > Then after install just change the owner (sudo chown <user>:<group> /data) and create appopriate > symlinks and that's it! > > Why not whole /home? Because usually if to do clean install, the /home contains also old > configuration files and it's not comfortable to create after install new user or delete old user's > conf etc. Much more faster is to keep data on another partition, which has enough space and write > data to there, e.g. using symlinks to make your life more comfortable under Linux. > > I hope, that it was clear and helps you keep further actions and work smoother and more flexible. > > Best Regards, > Edmund Laugasson > > -- > kubuntu-users mailing list > kubuntu-users@lists.ubuntu.com > Modify settings or unsubscribe at: https://lists.ubuntu.com/mailman/listinfo/kubuntu-users <hr />Sell your car for just $40 at CarPoint.com.au <a href='http://a.ninemsn.com.au/b.aspx?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fsecure%2Dau%2Eimrworldwide%2Ecom%2Fcgi%2Dbin%2Fa%2Fci%5F450304%2Fet%5F2%2Fcg%5F801459%2Fpi%5F1004813%2Fai%5F859641&_t=762955845&_r=tig_OCT07&_m=EXT' target='_new'>It's simple! </a></body> </html>