[PATCH 07/10] pkeys: Add details of system call use to Documentation/

[Tim Gardner]

From: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen at linux.intel.com>

BugLink: http://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1591804

This spells out all of the pkey-related system calls that we have
and provides some example code fragments to demonstrate how we
expect them to be used.

Signed-off-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen at linux.intel.com>
Cc: linux-arch at vger.kernel.org
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave at sr71.net>
Cc: mgorman at techsingularity.net
Cc: arnd at arndb.de
Cc: linux-api at vger.kernel.org
Cc: linux-mm at kvack.org
Cc: luto at kernel.org
Cc: akpm at linux-foundation.org
Cc: torvalds at linux-foundation.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160729163020.59350E33@viggo.jf.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx at linutronix.de>

(cherry picked from commit c74fe3940848c6afea83bfbda64a9baf9da547c8)
Signed-off-by: Tim Gardner <tim.gardner at canonical.com>
---
 Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt | 62 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 62 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt b/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
index c281ded..6da7689 100644
--- a/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
+++ b/Documentation/x86/protection-keys.txt
@@ -18,6 +18,68 @@ even though there is theoretically space in the PAE PTEs.  These
 permissions are enforced on data access only and have no effect on
 instruction fetches.
 
+=========================== Syscalls ===========================
+
+There are 2 system calls which directly interact with pkeys:
+
+	int pkey_alloc(unsigned long flags, unsigned long init_access_rights)
+	int pkey_free(int pkey);
+	int pkey_mprotect(unsigned long start, size_t len,
+			  unsigned long prot, int pkey);
+
+Before a pkey can be used, it must first be allocated with
+pkey_alloc().  An application calls the WRPKRU instruction
+directly in order to change access permissions to memory covered
+with a key.  In this example WRPKRU is wrapped by a C function
+called pkey_set().
+
+	int real_prot = PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE;
+	pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DENY_WRITE);
+	ptr = mmap(NULL, PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+	ret = pkey_mprotect(ptr, PAGE_SIZE, real_prot, pkey);
+	... application runs here
+
+Now, if the application needs to update the data at 'ptr', it can
+gain access, do the update, then remove its write access:
+
+	pkey_set(pkey, 0); // clear PKEY_DENY_WRITE
+	*ptr = foo; // assign something
+	pkey_set(pkey, PKEY_DENY_WRITE); // set PKEY_DENY_WRITE again
+
+Now when it frees the memory, it will also free the pkey since it
+is no longer in use:
+
+	munmap(ptr, PAGE_SIZE);
+	pkey_free(pkey);
+
+=========================== Behavior ===========================
+
+The kernel attempts to make protection keys consistent with the
+behavior of a plain mprotect().  For instance if you do this:
+
+	mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_NONE);
+	something(ptr);
+
+you can expect the same effects with protection keys when doing this:
+
+	pkey = pkey_alloc(0, PKEY_DISABLE_WRITE | PKEY_DISABLE_READ);
+	pkey_mprotect(ptr, size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, pkey);
+	something(ptr);
+
+That should be true whether something() is a direct access to 'ptr'
+like:
+
+	*ptr = foo;
+
+or when the kernel does the access on the application's behalf like
+with a read():
+
+	read(fd, ptr, 1);
+
+The kernel will send a SIGSEGV in both cases, but si_code will be set
+to SEGV_PKERR when violating protection keys versus SEGV_ACCERR when
+the plain mprotect() permissions are violated.
+
 =========================== Config Option ===========================
 
 This config option adds approximately 1.5kb of text. and 50 bytes of
-- 
2.7.4